https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43671 Wed 28 Sep 2022 14:55:48 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37384 Bacillus licheniformis strain KX657843 based on 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, was isolated from earthworms (Metaphire posthuma). The bacteria was found to be uniquely influenced by the amino acid L-asparagine monohydrate. The organism produced the maximum yield of 2.7 g L⁻¹ EPS in the presence of sucrose supplemented with L-asparagine monohydrate while no EPS was produced in absence of the amino acid. The order of growth and EPS production in presence of different carbon substrates supplemented with L-asparagine monohydrate was observed as sucrose > glucose > glycerol > mannitol > citrate > cellulose > starch. L-asparagine monohydrate could serve as the sole nitrogen source for the organism but it alone cannot satisfy the requisite carbon demand for growth and EPS production. EPS production showed a positive correlation with sucrose concentration but a negative correlation with citrate levels. Analysis of extracted EPS using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and measurement of its zeta potential revealed the chemical composition and anionic nature of the EPS. The bacterium produced 119.235 IU mL⁻¹ extracellular L-asparaginase. This is the first report of an L-asparagine monohydrate dependent EPS producing Bacillus licheniformis from the gut of the earthworm, Metaphire posthuma.]]> Wed 28 Oct 2020 18:05:03 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38044 2PO₄) (10 %, w/w) at 300 ℃, 500 ℃ and 700 ℃ to evaluate their potential lead [Pb(II)] adsorption. Effects of pH, contact time, and initial Pb(II) concentration on the Pb(II) adsorption capacity of the biochars were investigated. The physico-chemical, morphological, porous structure, crystallinity and spectroscopic characteristics of pre- and post-Pb-adsorbed biochars were analyzed to unravel the Pb(II) adsorption mechanism. Results showed that KH₂PO₄ reacted with biomass carbon to form stable C–P and/or C–O–P groups in BCP, and increased carbon retention and aromaticity of BCP. However, the addition of KH₂PO₄ led to an adverse effect on porous structure, e.g. surface area of biochars produced at 300 ℃, 500 ℃ and 700 ℃ were decreased by 41.53 %, 80.32 %, and 59.74 %, respectively. Adsorption experiments displayed that BCP produced at 300 ℃ exhibited the highest Pb(II) adsorption capacity (q_max = 154.7 mg g⁻¹), which was almost 6 times higher than the pristine biochar (q_max = 24.3 mg g⁻¹). Potassium polymetaphosphate [(KPO₃)_n] particles were attached on the surface of BCP, which facilitated the precipitation of Pb(II) to form [Pb(PO_3)2]n, Pb5(PO₄₎₃OH and PbHPO₄. This study thus demonstrated the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the enhancing removal capability of P-modified biochar for Pb(II) from aqueous solutions.]]> Wed 28 Jul 2021 15:18:58 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42884 Wed 28 Feb 2024 15:20:48 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47549 Wed 28 Feb 2024 15:20:35 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54320 Wed 28 Feb 2024 15:14:29 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47725 2 emission into the atmosphere along with the soil respiratory CO₂ fluxes but is comparatively less studied than the organic C mineralisation processes. This study aims to understand how soil available carbonates influence the soil C dynamics under different tillage, mulching and temperature regimes. A 90-day incubation experiment was conducted by adding calcite nodules to soils (10% w/w) collected from an agricultural field maintained with or without 5 t ha⁻¹ mulching under no-till (NT) or conventional tillage (CT) systems. Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) examination indicated greater morphological changes in the calcite nodules incubated with CT than NT soils. Soil samples incubated with calcite and mulching recorded 6.3% greater CO₂ evolution than the un-mulched condition. Under the CT system, the overall CO₂ emission rate was higher in the control treatment (43%), followed by a combined treatment of 5 t ha⁻¹ mulch + CaCO₃ (10% w/w) (29.2%), 5 t ha⁻¹ mulch only treatment (27.9%), and 10% CaCO₃ (w/w) (16.5%) treatment, with a rise in incubation temperature from 22 °C to 37 °C. Kinetic model calculations for CO₂ emission indicated a greater half-life of easily mineralisable C pools in the NT system at 22 °C. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) results further verified that the high temperature and disturbed soil conditions limit the availability of soil MBC under the CT systems, indicating a higher decomposition rate. Eventually, these results indicated that agricultural management practices, including tillage shift, explicitly influence the different functional components of soil organic matter (SOM).]]> Wed 28 Feb 2024 14:56:49 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43935 Wed 28 Feb 2024 14:55:05 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39627 Wed 28 Feb 2024 14:54:32 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45147 −1) and high (50 and 5000 mg kg⁻¹) concentrations of Cd and Pb, respectively, in an artificially contaminated soil. In a laboratory incubation experiment, bio-available and potentially bio-available metal concentrations, selected soil properties (pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon and total nitrogen), and microbial parameters (microbial activity as basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial functional groups) were determined at two sampling occasions (7 and 49 days). Metal contamination had no effect on the selected soil properties, while it significantly inhibited both microbial activity and MBC formation. Contaminated soils had higher microbial quotient (qCO₂), suggesting there was higher energy demand with less microbially immobilized carbon as MBC. Notably, the efficiency of microbial carbon use was repressed as the metal concentration increased, yet no difference was observed between metal types (p > 0.05). Based on the microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) analysis, total PLFAs decreased significantly under metal stress at the end of incubation. Heavy metals had a greater negative influence on the fungal population than bacteria with respective 5–35 and 8–32% fall in abundances. The contaminant-driven (metal concentrations and types) variation of soil PLFA biomarkers demonstrated that the heavy metals led to the alteration of soil microbial community compositions and their activities, which consequently had an adverse impact on soil microbial carbon immobilization.]]> Wed 26 Oct 2022 13:44:24 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47735 14C-labelled L-alanine (C₃H₇NO₂) to investigate key N cycling processes in the soil. Mortalities were a significant source of N and carbon (C), providing an average of 42 and 236 g/kg, respectively, to the soil directly below the decomposing carcasses. There was also a significant and long-term input of amino acids (ca. 11 mg/kg) into the soil. The abundance of N increased the microbial turnover of labile N substances in the tracer experiment. Based on results from this study, it has been demonstrated that decaying carcasses provide a significant and long-lasting localized resource with the potential to contribute to soil N cycling. Therefore, it is important to develop guidelines on the management of carcass burial farmland using soil from burial pits as a nutrient supplement where biosecurity is assured.]]> Wed 25 Jan 2023 14:53:38 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:55185 Wed 24 Apr 2024 09:55:21 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46733 0.90) and Langmuir isotherm models (R2 > 0.97) quite well described the adsorption of Sb(V) on Y-based MOFs, revealed that the uptake of Sb(V) on Y-based MOFs were followed by a monolayer chemical adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacities of Sb(V) calculated from the Langmuir model were 161.3 and 151.5 mg/g for MOF-Y and NH2-MOF-Y, respectively. The Y-based MOFs exhibited strong water and chemical stability, it could be utilized for removal Sb(V) under wide pH range and various concentration of Sb(V). The spent adsorbents could be successfully regenerated by NaCl (5 mol/L) solution for further utilization without damaging the crystal structure of Y-based MOFs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) results revealed that the formation of inner-sphere Y-O-Sb complex between Y-oxo-clusters and Sb(V) was the dominant adsorption mechanism, while the co-precipitation of Y3+ and Sb(V) was also partially contributed the Sb(V) adsorption. High stability together with high Sb(V) adsorption capacity and excellent recyclability endow the Y-based MOFs as promising adsorbents for Sb(V) removal from wastewater.]]> Wed 22 Mar 2023 18:38:30 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34228 Wed 20 Feb 2019 15:55:46 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34212 Wed 20 Feb 2019 10:05:49 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44657 Wed 19 Oct 2022 10:04:02 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47530 Wed 19 Apr 2023 08:49:34 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38847 −, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, SiO₃²⁻ and PO₄³⁻. The adsorption affinity increased from 0.0047 to 0.0915 and 0.0053 to 0.4091 for As(V) and Sb(V), respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic investigation demonstrated a reductive conversion of As(V) to As(III) during the adsorption process with sulfide-modified α-FeOOH, but with no obvious variation of Sb(V) speciation. While the removal mechanism for As(V) was reduction followed by adsorption via hydroxyl groups, mainly surface complexation was involved in the removal of Sb(V). This study presented a simple strategy to enhance the adsorption capacity and adsorption affinity of α-FeOOH toward As(V)/Sb(V) via sulfide-modification.]]> Wed 16 Feb 2022 10:55:29 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47171 in-situ Fe-oxide precipitation process modified the active surface sites of the imogolite. The Fe–oxide, mainly magnetite, favored the contaminants’ adsorption over the pristine imogolite. The adsorption kinetics of these pollutants were adequately described by the pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion models. The kinetic models showed that surface adsorption was more important than intraparticle diffusion in the removal of the pollutants by all the adsorbents. The Langmuir-Freundlich model described the experimental adsorption data, and both nanocomposites showed greater adsorption capacity than the imogolite. The adsorption of Cu and Cd was sensitive to cationic competition, showing a decrease of the adsorption capacity when the two cations coexisted, while their adsorption increased in the presence of arsenate.]]> Wed 14 Dec 2022 15:49:11 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33206 Wed 12 Sep 2018 16:43:08 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37828 Wed 12 May 2021 10:00:43 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34935 ln(Dw)|ln(Th),θ)= 7.11 - 1.85Ε(x|ln(Th),θ) where Dw and Th are respectively the theoretical values of groundwater depth and maximum tree height; x is the measured maximum tree height; θ = {7.11, −1.85, 7.19, 0.15, 1.91, 13.45}; R² = 0.82; Marginal log-Likelihood = −131.04; RMSE = 0.33]. In addition, Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation together with correlation analysis indicated that groundwater depth prediction based on maximum tree height in arid regions was an accurate and promising approach. In conclusion, our study showed that the hydraulic limitation of water transportation led to a negative relationship between maximum tree height and groundwater depth. Our developed model for predicting groundwater depth with maximum tree height has provided the important basis for the conservation and management of groundwater resources in arid regions.]]> Wed 12 Jul 2023 10:57:23 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45846 Wed 11 Jan 2023 10:20:44 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49296 Wed 10 May 2023 14:02:14 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39613 Wed 10 Aug 2022 11:41:40 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32893 Wed 08 Aug 2018 10:05:32 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32890 m) values were 90.90 and 75.75 mg/g at pH 5.5 and 8.5, respectively while the Freundlich equilibrium constant (K_f) values were 4.67 and 4.36 mg/g at pH 5.5 and 8.5, respectively. The rate of adsorption confirmed to follow pseudo-second order kinetics with a better correlation. The thermodynamic parameters predicted that the adsorption process is an endothermic and spontaneous process.]]> Wed 08 Aug 2018 09:51:25 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47158 Wed 07 Feb 2024 18:00:55 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43096 Wed 07 Feb 2024 17:17:32 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39503 −1) and lead (Pb = 736.2 mg kg⁻¹). Soil properties, microbial activities, and the geochemical fractions and potential availabilities of As and Pb were determined in the non-treated (control) and biochar-treated soil. Modification of PB (pH = 10.6) and GWB (pH = 9.3) with Fe caused a decrease in their pH to 4.4 and 3.4, respectively. The application of PB and GWB significantly increased soil pH, while Fe-PB and Fe-GWB decreased soil pH, as compared to the control. Application of Fe-GWB and Fe-PB decreased the NH₄H₂PO₄-extractable As by 32.8 and 35.9%, which was more effective than addition of GWB and PB. However, PB and GWB were more effective than Fe-PB and Fe-GWB in Pb immobilization. Compared to the control, the DTPA-extractable Pb decreased by 20.6 and 21.7%, respectively, following PB and GWB application. Both biochars, particularly PB significantly increased the 16S rRNA bacterial gene copy numbers, indicating that biochar amendments enhanced the bacterial abundance, implying an alleviation of As and Pb bio-toxicity to soil bacteria. The results demonstrated that pristine pig carcass and green waste biochars were more effective in immobilizing Pb, while their Fe-engineered biochars were more effective in As immobilization in co-contaminated soils.]]> Wed 07 Feb 2024 16:39:44 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47163 Wed 07 Feb 2024 16:38:25 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45684 Wed 07 Feb 2024 16:37:32 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38910 Wed 07 Feb 2024 16:34:13 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47133 Wed 07 Feb 2024 15:26:55 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46743 Wed 07 Feb 2024 14:57:34 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46172 –1, respectively), while the highest P was found in biosolid biochar (40.5 g kg^–1). The specific surface area of biochars ranged from 96.06–110.83 m2 g^–1. Hierarchical analyses of the chemical compositions of feedstocks and biochars enabled grouping of the materials respectively into four and five distinguished clusters. Three principal components (PC) explained 86.8% and 83.3% of the variances in the feedstocks and biochars, respectively. The PC1 represented the content of the major nutrients (N, P and K), whereas PC2 and PC3 represented other nutrients (secondary and micronutrients) contents and physicochemical properties (pH and EC). The results of this study suggested that biochars produced from different manures and biosolids may potentially be a source of soil nutrients and trace elements. In addition, different biochars may be applied to different nutrient-deficient soils to avoid plausible nutrient and potentially toxic element contamination.]]> Wed 07 Feb 2024 14:49:22 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37953 VI and As^V from water in mono- and binary-adsorbate systems. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm data for Se^VI and As^V were adequately described by the pseudo-second-order (PSO) (r²>0.94) and Freundlich (r²>0.93) equations. Results from scanning electron microscopy showed that the dimension of the NZVI immobilized on the Mt was smaller than pure NZVI. Using 0.05 g of adsorbent and an initial 200 mg L⁻¹ As^V and Se^VI concentration, the maximum adsorption capacity (q_max and partition coefficient (PC) for As^V on NZVI-Mt in monocomponent system were 54.75 mg g^-1 and 0.065 mg g^-1·μM^-1, which dropped respectively to 49.91 mg g^-1 and 0.055 mg g^-1·μM^-1 under competitive system. For Se^VI adsorption on NZVI-Mt in monocomponent system, q_max and PC were 28.63 mg g^-1 and 0.024 mg g^-1·μM^-1, respectively. Values of q_max and PC were higher for NZVI-Mt than NZVI and montmorillonite, indicating that the nanocomposite contained greater adsorption sites for removing both oxyanions, but with a marked preference for As^V. Future research should evaluate the effect of different operational variables on the removal efficiency of both oxyanions by NZVI-Mt.]]> Wed 06 Dec 2023 09:51:50 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32627 Tue 26 Jun 2018 15:05:16 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53312 Tue 21 Nov 2023 12:36:31 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35113 Tue 20 Feb 2024 11:41:20 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38234 Tue 17 Aug 2021 08:42:53 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37264 Tue 15 Sep 2020 12:51:18 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47998 Tue 14 Feb 2023 16:22:00 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32512 Tue 12 Jun 2018 15:33:19 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34129 −1), mixed treatment with CM and HU under (d) iso-phosphorus and (e) iso-nitrogenous condition and (f) control. Monitoring of water quality and biological parameters revealed that total fish yield was the highest in CM (621.5 g tank⁻¹) followed by mixed treatments under iso-nitrogenous (428 g tank⁻¹) and iso-phosphorus (333 g tank⁻¹) conditions, aerated HU (321 g tank⁻¹) and HU (319 g tank⁻¹). The gross primary productivity (GPP) in HU was satisfactory (601.8 mg C m⁻² h⁻¹) and superior to all but CM treatment. The abundance of heterotrophic bacteria (HB) was highest in CM and lowest in HU. Both GPP and HB population were correlated positively with fish yield per tank. Although pH in all treatments remained high (pH 8.4–8.9), no ammonia toxicity was observed. No E. coli infestation in any fish muscle was encountered. The concentrations of cadmium and lead in fish muscle were within respective safe level. The study established that high fertilizer potential of HU could be exploited as an alternative organic fertilizer or as a candidate to be blended with cattle manure.]]> Tue 12 Feb 2019 13:19:05 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42904 Tue 06 Sep 2022 15:35:21 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41368 Tue 02 Aug 2022 14:59:25 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35489 Thu 28 Oct 2021 13:04:42 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46441 Thu 24 Nov 2022 14:07:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35990 Thu 23 Jan 2020 11:40:13 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33595 Thu 22 Nov 2018 13:41:25 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33207 o), Fe(III) oxide and cow manure increased Cr(VI) retention. The effect of S^o on Cr(VI) sorption is mediated through a decrease in soil pH, which facilitated an increased retention of Cr(VI) as measured by Freundlich sorption coefficient from 0.079 (in pristine soil, pH7.15) to 21.06L/kg (in S^o amended soil, pH4.08). Also, Fe(III) oxide addition at 5% has favoured for an increase in the retention of Cr(VI) (K_f =91.15L/kg). Cow manure promoted Cr(VI) reduction, possibly due to the presence of functional groups that are present along with dissolved organic carbon and also by increased microbial activity. It is concluded that the mitigation of Cr toxicity is brought about by the addition of amendments which manipulate the properties of soil to increase retention of Cr(III) and Cr(VI).]]> Thu 21 Oct 2021 12:51:17 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38611 Thu 18 Nov 2021 14:12:30 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32948 Thu 16 Aug 2018 13:28:52 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32950 −1; 45% reduction) in Soil 2 (pH 5.5). The modified biochars enhanced Cr(VI) reduction by 55% (SM-BC-M) compared to manure (29%, SM) and manure-derived biochars (40% reduction, SM-BC). Among the modified biochars, SM-BC-M showed a higher Cr(VI) reduction rate (55%) than PM-BC-M (48%) in Soil 2. Various oxygen-containing surface functional groups such as phenolic, carboxyl, carbonyl, etc. on biochar surface might act as a proton donor for Cr(VI) reduction and subsequent Cr(III) adsorption. This study underpins the immense potential of modified biochar in remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated soils.]]> Thu 16 Aug 2018 13:28:48 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43275 Thu 15 Sep 2022 12:09:48 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35490 i, accounting for human intake over the maximum allowable oral reference dose for that same TE), indicating that its risk tends to be underestimated. Other TE limits, such as those of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn typically result in low HQ_i, meaning that limits in their cases are rather overprotective. Our approach reveals the need of reducing diversity in regulation limits by drafting soil legislations of worldwide validity, since risks are common across countries. We suggest that new directions should strategically tend to (a) reduce limits of TEs with underestimated contribution to health risk (such as As), (b) cautiously increase limits of TEs that currently cause minor health risks, (c) quantify TE risks associated with uptake to edible plants and potable water, and (d) consider multi-element contamination cases, where risks are cumulatively enhanced due to TE synergism.]]> Thu 14 Apr 2022 10:57:56 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38586 Thu 11 Nov 2021 13:58:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38565 Thu 04 Nov 2021 13:16:08 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47323 Thu 02 May 2024 14:49:33 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48135 Thu 02 Mar 2023 16:16:31 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47848 Thu 02 Feb 2023 16:32:49 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29117 Oenothera picensis in a Cu-contaminated soil. Materials and methods: A Cu-contaminated sandy soil (338 mg Cu kg^-1) was spiked and equilibrated with additional Cu (0, 100, and 500 mg Cu kg−¹). The spiked soil was then amended with CMB (0, 5, and 10 % w/w) and incubated for 2 weeks. The metallophyte was grown on these treatments under greenhouse conditions for 3 months. Pore water solutions were collected from the plant pots every 30 days. After the harvest, soil and pore water pH, soil Cu fractions, pore water Cu concentration, soil microbial activity, plant biomass weight, and Cu concentration in plant parts were determined. Results and discussion The CMB increased the pH of soils and soil pore water, and probably also soil major nutrients. It reduced the exchangeable fraction of Cu but increased its organic matter and residual fractions. At the same time, it decreased the Cu concentration in the soil pore water. The CMB increased basal respiration and dehydrogenase activity. The CMB application produced up to three and seven times more root and shoot biomass, respectively. In addition, shoots accumulated lesser Cu than control but roots did more. Plants survived in soil that was spiked with 500 mg Cu kg^-1, only when CMB dose was 10 %. Conclusions: The CMB affected the Cu uptake in plant by altering the mobility, bioavailability, and spatial distribution of Cu in soils. The increase in available nutrients and decrease in Cu toxicity facilitated plant growth. The increased microbial activity probably also promoted the plant growth and reduced the Cu bioavailability. Therefore, CMB can be used to remediate Cu-contaminated soils.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:36:56 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30887 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:30:40 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30898 Scaevola albida, Chrysocephalum semipapposum, and Enteropogon acicularis. Some Australian native plants inhibited nitrification in their rhizosphere. We propose future studies on these selected plant species by identifying and characterising the nitrification inhibiting compounds and also the potential of nitrification inhibition in reducing nitrogen losses through nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emission.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:30:39 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46013 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:48:17 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38257 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:39:00 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52716 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:23:04 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48278 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:02:41 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34743 2H₃O₂)₂), Pb₃(PO₄)₂, PbSiO₃, and PbCO₃. On phytoliths in CFB500, Pb²⁺ ions were mainly sorbed on the sites of silicate with a structure similar to PbSiO₃. The contribution of binding sites for Pb²⁺ sorption was ascribed to the outer-wall of carbon skeleton of CFB500, which was stronger than that provided by the mineral oxide aggregate and phytoliths on CFB500. Organic carbon functional groups, inorganic carbonates, silicates and phosphates on CFB500 mostly dominated the sorption sites for Pb²⁺. Our results suggest that CFB500 was a promising material for the remediation of Pb-contaminated aqueous environments (e.g., wastewater).]]> Mon 29 Jan 2024 17:59:04 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44784 Mon 24 Oct 2022 09:17:48 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50384 Mon 24 Jul 2023 13:16:39 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30980 Mon 23 Sep 2019 12:09:43 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32293 Pinus massoniana needles were incubated in a subtropical plantation forest soil exposed to: no amendment (Control), N amendments of 81 (N1) and 270 (N2) mg kg⁻¹, S amendments of 121 (S1) and 405 (S2) mg kg⁻¹ and combined N and S amendments. Litter decomposition was measured as litter-derived carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and the litter C pools were partitioned using a two-pool model. Relationships between litter residue chemistry (assessed by ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis) and microbial community composition (probed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis, PLFA) and activity (the metabolic quotient, qCO₂) were investigated. Over the 420 days incubation period, N and S additions (except N and S addition alone at low rate) significantly increased litter decomposition by 7.2–18.9% compared to the Control. Decomposition was stimulated by 10.2–61.9% during the initial 56 days (stage 1) and in contrast, 8.3–42.1% inhibition was measured during 57–420 days (stage 2) across the addition treatments. Stimulation on litter-derived CO₂ emissions under the N and S additions was largely dependent on the loss of O-alkyl C, a dominant component of the litter active C pool. During the initial 7 days, N and S additions increased the ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFAs compared to the Control, which was accompanied by the increases in methoxyl C. The activity of microbes, particularly gram-negative bacteria, was also increased by N and S additions at stage 1, which was related to di-O-alkyl C. In contrast, fungal activity decreased under N and S additions at stage 2, accompanied by lowered C availability and increased methoxyl C. Alkyl C and aromatic C in the litter had positive relationships with the half-life of the slow C pool. Accordingly, the residue recalcitrance was increased under N and S additions compared with Control at stage 2, and was largely responsible for the inhibition of litter decomposition. Thus, N and S deposition is likely to increase the persistence of litter-derived recalcitrant C in subtropical forest soils in the long term.]]> Mon 21 May 2018 15:09:58 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38968 Mon 21 Mar 2022 14:34:30 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34857 Mon 20 May 2019 10:19:39 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37363 2000 μm) from 7.8% in the control to 30.6% while it reduced effective diffusion coefficient of oxygen (DC₀) from 12.58 × 10⁻⁶ m² s⁻¹ in the control to 2.81 × 10⁻⁶ m² s⁻¹. Application of pig manure increased prokaryotic diversity and altered prokaryotic community structure, while crop residues did not. Soil pH was the predominant factor influencing prokaryotic community structure. Bacillales and Clostridiales accounted for 47.5% and 21.4%, respectively of the indicator species in the IPM and the relative abundances of them were increased, compared with the other treatments. Furthermore, the relative abundances of Bacillales and Clostridiales were correlated with SOC, TN, AP and DOC, and negatively with DC₀ in the soil. Overall, our results suggest that application of NPK fertilizer plus pig manure rather than crop residues enhanced soil pH, improved SOC content and aggregation, increased prokaryotic diversity and altered community structure of prokaryote after 27-year fertilization.]]> Mon 19 Oct 2020 10:43:20 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35493 -1). The results showed that hydrothermal carbonization influences the physicochemical properties of the biosolids, such as promoting pore structure and trace elements below the threshold values for use in agriculture. The spectroscopic techniques demonstrated higher presence of oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., C-O/O-H) on surfaces of Sewchar than that of biosolids. The Sewchar doses of 10 Mg ha^-1 and 60 Mg ha^-1 yielded the highest dry biomass for beans and rice respectively. Increasing Sewchar doses negatively correlated with radish dry biomass, as indicated by linear regression equation fitting (p < 0.05). Thus, biomass responses to Sewchar application into the soil varied with Sewchar dose and type of plant. For a proper environmental management, a survey was conducted to assess farmers' perception and acceptance of Sewchar as a soil amendment. The survey revealed that younger farmers who had higher education qualifications were more prone to use Sewchar as soil amendment. Additionally, farmers who would not use Sewchar as soil amendment attributed the highest level of importance to economic criteria, such as fertilizer and freight prices. In the future, studies on a longer term under field conditions should be performed to elucidate the interactions between Sewchar and soil properties on plant growth and to ensure the safe use of Sewchar as a soil amendment.]]> Mon 19 Aug 2019 10:05:27 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51765 Cd > Pb > As(III)>As(V) for E. coli; and Hg > Cd > As(III)>Pb > As(V) for the two Lactobacillus sp. Arsenite (AsIII) showed higher toxicity than arsenate (AsV) to gut bacteria. While As is an anion, Cd, Pb and Hg are cations and hence their binding capacity to the bacterial cell wall varied based on the charge dependent functional groups. However, the toxic effects of PTEs for a bacteria are controlled by their speciation and bioavailability.]]> Mon 18 Sep 2023 14:23:29 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48945 Mon 17 Apr 2023 16:50:19 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38226 75 μm), was 13.4% higher under CT, but mesoporosity (30–75 μm) was 9.6% higher under NT. The vertical distributions of root biomass and root architecture measurements (i.e. root length density) in undisturbed soil cores were 9.6% higher under the NT and 8.7% higher under the CT system respectively. These results suggest that low soil disturbance under the continuous NT system may have encouraged accumulation of more root biomass in the top 100 mm depth, thus developing better soil structure. Overall, µXCT image analyses of soil cores indicated that this tillage shift affected the soil total carbon, due to the significantly higher soil-pore (i.e. pore surface area, porosity and average pore size area) and root architecture (i.e. root length density, root surface density and root biomass) measurements under the CT system.]]> Mon 16 Aug 2021 15:47:54 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34738 0.96). The As(V) removal capacity was higher using Z-nZVI than nZVI both in the single and multi-component systems, suffering minimal differences in removal in both cases. The results suggested that Z-nZVI had more specific surface sites for As(V) than nZVI and zeolite, which makes Z-nZVI a more effective adsorbent than nZVI for the removal of As(V) from aqueous solutions in the presence of other oxyanions.]]> Mon 15 May 2023 10:14:02 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35264 Aloe barbadensis Mill). Their formation was validated using a number of optical spectroscopic and electron microscopic techniques. The particle size of green ZnO NPs averaged as 35 nm which was far smaller than that prepared by conventional chemical methods for comparison purpose (e.g., 48 nm). Although both types of ZnO NPs were spherical with high crystallinity, the former is likely to better reflect the strong reducing and capping capability of the leaf extract. The suitable concentrations of ZnO NPs for seedling emergence and germination of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were then explored at varying NP levels (0, 15, 62, 125, 250, and 500 mg/L). Accordingly, the ones treated with green ZnO NPs grew better than the control seeds. Moreover, the wheat seed samples treated with a moderate amount (e.g., 62 mg/L) of green ZnO NPs showed most significant enhancement (P < 0.005) in their root and shoot length relative to other concentration levels or to the chemically synthesized ones (e.g., by 50% and 105%, respectively). As such, the potential of green synthesized ZnO NPs has been recognized as a nano-based nutrient source for agricultural applications.]]> Mon 13 Mar 2023 14:04:52 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47970 Mon 13 Feb 2023 15:59:12 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36467 Mon 11 Mar 2024 17:44:29 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40096 Mon 08 Aug 2022 11:55:23 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32949 −1) 2,4-D sorption capacity, which was attributed to the high specific surface area (576 m² g⁻¹). The mechanism of 2,4-D removal from aqueous solution by biochar is mainly attributed to the formation of heterogeneous sorption sites due to the steam activation.]]> Fri 30 Aug 2019 13:07:53 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36596 Fri 22 Apr 2022 10:20:45 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32017 Fri 20 Apr 2018 14:47:48 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46355 Fri 18 Nov 2022 10:08:39 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39712 Fri 17 Jun 2022 17:10:04 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:43400 Fri 16 Sep 2022 09:58:47 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51736 Fri 15 Sep 2023 18:07:04 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44481 Fri 14 Oct 2022 08:50:23 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47357 Fri 13 Jan 2023 13:26:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47339 Fri 13 Jan 2023 12:16:30 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51495 Fri 08 Sep 2023 11:58:00 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33161 Fri 07 Sep 2018 16:40:17 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49121 Fri 05 May 2023 11:46:01 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39995 Fri 01 Jul 2022 13:49:31 AEST ]]>